A flat washer, also known as a plain washer or flat washer, is a ring-shaped thin-plate fastener with a through hole in the center. It is typically manufactured using a stamping process and is made of materials such as steel and stainless steel.
Flat washers are often used in conjunction with spring washers or other elastic washers. During installation, the flat washer is flush against the working surface, and the elastic washer is positioned below the nut. Its main functions are to increase the contact area, distribute bolt pressure, protect the surfaces of the connected parts, and, in combination with an elastic washer, prevent loosening. According to standards such as GB/T 97.1, flat washers are available in product grades such as A and C, and mechanical property hardness grades such as 100HV, 140HV, 200HV, and 300HV.
